China's Four E-Commerce Giants Diverge on Global Strategy as Growth Slows
Alibaba, JD.com, Temu, and TikTok Shop are no longer competing on the same terms — Q1 2026 data reveals four structurally distinct overseas playbooks, with consequences that will define which platforms survive a maturing cross-border market.
The era of frictionless, parcel-direct globalization for Chinese e-commerce is over.